Ethanol-derived graphene by microwave plasma torch as efficient cathode for Li-S batteries with ultralong cycle life

Abstract

High-quality graphene derived from ethanol (EdG) using an atmospheric pressure plasma torch has been used for the first time as a sulfur host for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery cathodes. Its excellent structural, morphological, and conductive properties make it a suitable material to accommodate sulfur inside its pores. In this way, the shuttle effect is effectively alleviated, reducing the loss of capacity, and improving the lifespan of Li-S batteries. EdG@S-based cathodes have demonstrated excellent performance for use in this technology, showing ultra-high stability, reaching 1000 cycles at very high rates of 3C and 5C, with minimal capacity loss (0.064 % and 0.045 % per cycle, respectively). In addition, a remarkable specific capacity of 256 mAh/g at ultra-high rates of up to 10C is achieved. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the use of ethanol-derived graphene synthesised by microwave plasma can be a viable option for the development, scalability, and industrialisation of Li-S battery technology.