Forest decline is nowadays a major challenge to management and sustainability of natural ecosystems worldwide. This syndrome is a multifactorial disease influenced by several biotic and abiotic agents such as alien ...

One of the main problem that forest management faces today is forest decline. There are numerous ecosystems in the world that face problems related to biotic and abiotic stresses with complex interactions between them and ...

Forest decline represents one of the most pressing challenges for the management and long-term sustainability of natural ecosystems worldwide. This complex phenomenon arises from the interplay of multiple biotic and abiotic ...