El tratamiento de las actividades de turismo activo en los instrumentos de planificación ambiental de los parques naturales andaluces

Abstract

En este trabajo se estudia la problemática de la ordenación y tratamiento normativo de las actividades físico-deportivas en la naturaleza y de componente turístico-recreativo en los parques naturales de Andalucía, realizando para ello un análisis crítico de la planificación medioambiental aplicada hasta la fecha para evaluar su incidencia en el desarrollo de las prácticas de los deportes de naturaleza en estos espacios protegidos y comprobar su nivel de adecuación y funcionalidad. Para ello se han analizado los documentos vigentes de los Planes de Ordenación de Recursos Naturales (PORN) , los Planes Rectores de Uso y Gestión (PRUG) y los Programas de Uso Público (PUP) , especialmente los capítulos de zonificación, normativa y regulación de actividades y del uso público, con el fin de valorar de qué forma se regulan los deportes de naturaleza y el turismo activo en cada parque natural. En este trabajo se ponen de manifiesto finalmente algunas deficiencias, vacíos legales y disfuncionalidades en el tratamiento y ordenación de estas actividades y se pro - ponen algunas actuaciones de mejora.

n this paper is studied the problem of the management and regulatory treatment of physical and sports activities in nature and tourist-recreational component in the natural parks of Andalusia, carrying out a critical analysis of the environmental planning applied to date to assess its impact on the development of practical nature sports in Natural Parks and check your level of fitness and functionality. In this regard, the necessary guidance to the integral sustainability of these protected areas requires planning tools ordered, regulated and properly managed nature sports that make up what we call in Spain as “ active tourism “ (“tourisme sportif de nature” in francophone litera - ture or “nature sport tourism” and “outdoors sports” in anglo-saxon bibliography), whose major development in recent decades is representing the appearance of environmental impacts, land use conflicts and problems, particularly in the field of natural parks, which are the territory support and living environment most requested by practitioners of these activities and the companies and agents that offer commercially . This used existing documents Plans Natural Resources Management (PORN) , Plans Governing Use and Management (PRUG) and Public Use Programs (PUP) , especially chapters zoning rules and regulation activities and public use , in order to assess how outdoor sports and active tourism in each national park are regulated and what levels of practical applicability and efficiency are seen to control and mitigate the potential environmental impact of these activities and pressures that these new tourist and recreational developments are putting in these local environments . And in the same vein, there have also been studied with critical view other rules of the Regional Administration to define more generally the system of planning and management of uses and activities in these natural parks as well as the measures and instruments on administrative authorizations thereof. Finally, we have sought the views of the various agents of nature sports as sports federations and non-profit associations that integrate a large number of users as well as own companies or brokers that offer of nature sports in these natural parks, all with the aim of detecting problems , dysfunctions and difficulties of applicability of the rules of these sports in protected natural areas in Andalusia. On the other hand , have been taken into account as an important second variable the sport and physical activities that are or can be made in different parks and problems, bottlenecks and failures in the implementation and organization of sports activities in contact whit nature are suffering agents and active tourism companies that offer , as a result of applying the relevant regulations . This has been obtained and a comparative summary or licensable activities permitted in each of those protected areas that can be found at the end of this article appendix tables. The analysis reveals not finally realized few gaps and loopholes in current planning and environmental management as well as shortcomings, contradictions and difficulties of practical applicability. It is therefore crucial decisions to develop tools , instruments and management tech - niques and planning more in line with the necessary compatibility between growing demand and implementation of these activities , the socio-economic revitalization and enhancement of tourist-recreational natural resources is necessary idle and the essential objectives of conser - vation of natural heritage and biodiversity and environmental sustainability. In this sense, are missing in this work thorough studies of environmental impact of these acti - vities - still poorly known by the managers of the natural parks - and capacity of tourist recreational loading spaces , environments and land resources that support to them, in order to implement more thoughtful actions, reasoned and weighted planning and management, rather than easy and thoughtless prohibition of uses for real ignorance of its implications in natural areas and their characteristics caseloads and embodiment. The spacial perspective in these areas and particularly in the mountain , there has always been considered effectively in setting the rules , despite the important environmental , geographic variability of casuistry embodiment and even subtypologies outdoor sports that can be found , which strikes a different recreational capacity and susceptibility and environmental impacts