Emotional content in cyberspace: Development and validation of E-motions Questionnaire in adolescents and young people

Abstract

Background: Studies on emotional intelligence show that some of its dimensions are related to psychological adjustment and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Besides face-to-face interaction, nowadays, relationships are also initiated and maintained in cyberspace. Some studies suggest that emotional content is present in cyber-behavior. The objective of this study was to reveal whether emotions are expressed, perceived and managed online – a concept called E-motions, and to validate an instrument to measure this concept. Method: The E-motions Questionnaire was designed and together with other instruments, completed by 612 university students. Then, the questionnaire was completed by a representative sample of 2139 students in compulsory secondary education in 22 schools in all Andalusian provinces. The first sample was used for exploratory factor analysis and the second sample for confi rmatory factor analysis. Results: The E-motions Questionnaire was validated with good psychometric properties. Four factors were found showing that emotions are perceived, expressed, used, understood and managed online. This behavior is related to some aspects of emotional intelligence and also to diffi culties in identifying feelings. Conclusions: This new promising research field could be useful for further advancement of research into cyber-behavior.