Use of Milled Acanthocardia tuberculate Seashell as Fine Aggregate in Self-Compacting Mortars

Abstract

This study focuses on the feasibility of using ground Acanthocardia tuberculate seashells as fine aggregates for self-compacting mortar production. The obtained results show a promising future for coastal industries as their use eliminates waste products and improves the durability of these materials. The use of Acanthocardia tuberculate recycled aggregate, in terms of durability, improves the performance of all mixes made with seashells compared to those made with natural sand, although it decreases workability and slightly reduces mechanical strength. Proper mix design has beneficial effects, as it improves compressive strength, especially when the powder/sand ratio is 0.7. Three replacement ratios based on the volume (0%, 50%, and 100%) of natural limestone sand with recycled fine aggregate from Acanthocardia tuberculate seashells, and three different dosages modifying the powder/sand ratio (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8), were tested. The fresh-state properties of each self-compacting mixture were evaluated based on workability. The mineralogical phases of the hardened mixtures were characterised using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential analyses. Subsequently, the mechanical and durability properties were evaluated based on the compressive and flexural strengths, dry bulk density, accessible porosity for water and water absorption, drying shrinkage, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and water absorption by capillarity. Therefore, the use of Acanthocardia tuberculate seashells in cement-based systems contributes to circular economy.