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Design of an Optimization Algorithm Based on MILP Applied to Near Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Ecuador

Diseño de un Algoritmo de Optimización Basado en MILP Aplicado a Edificios de Consumo Cero (nZEB) en Ecuador

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Author
Muñoz-Salcedo, Martín
Director/es
Peci López, Fernando
Publisher
Universidad de Córdoba, UCOPress
Date
2025
Subject
Optimization algorithm
Solar resource assessment
Energy supply
Renewable sources
Near-zero energy efficient buildings (nZEB)
Sustainability
Energy performance optimization
Building performance optimization
Energy efficient building
Ecuador
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Abstract
This thesis presents the development of an open access optimization tool designed for the energy sizing of active and passive systems, with the objective of integrating them into buildings and improving their long-term energy efficiency. The work is based on three main pillars, addressed in specific publications: the evaluation of the solar resource, the design of a mathematical optimization model for energy supply, and the analysis of the performance of different envelope strategies within the proposed model. The case study focuses on a tertiary sector building located on the Ecuadorian coast, where climatic data and physical-thermal properties of the envelope materials were collected. For the solar evaluation, an empirical model was developed to correct the global horizontal solar radiation data obtained from remote sensing. These data were incorporated into the optimization algorithm, along with techno-economic parameters and life-cycle analysis of renewable sources, integrated into a global long-term cost function. In addition, a framework was developed incorporating mathematical models of four envelope strategies: phase change materials (PCM), aerogel, green walls and window awnings. These strategies were simultaneously integrated with renewable energy systems in the algorithm, which determines the optimal energy mix to ensure building sustainability. The results show that the algorithm converges efficiently to the global optimum in all scenarios, with a performance 351 times higher than methods based on biological evolution and a remarkable robustness to changes in the input variables. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology for designing near-zero energy efficient buildings (nZEB) and establishes a basis for public policies to promote energy sustainability in Ecuador.
 
Esta tesis presenta el desarrollo de una herramienta de optimización de acceso abierto diseñada para el dimensionamiento energético de sistemas activos y pasivos, con el objetivo de integrarlos en edificios y mejorar su eficiencia energética a largo plazo. El trabajo se basa en tres ejes principales, abordados en publicaciones específicas: la evaluación del recurso solar, el diseño de un modelo matemático de optimización para el suministro energético y el análisis del rendimiento de distintas estrategias de envolventes dentro del modelo propuesto. El caso de estudio se centra en un edificio del sector terciario ubicado en la costa ecuatoriana, donde se recopilaron datos climáticos y propiedades físico-térmicas de los materiales de la envolvente. Para la evaluación solar, se desarrolló un modelo empírico que corrige los datos de radiación solar global horizontal obtenidos de sensores remotos. Estos datos se incorporaron al algoritmo de optimización, junto con parámetros tecno-económicos y análisis de ciclo de vida de fuentes renovables, integrados en una función de coste global a largo plazo. Además, se elaboró un marco de trabajo que incorpora modelos matemáticos de cuatro estrategias de envolventes: materiales de cambio de fase (PCM), aerogel, muros verdes y toldos en ventanas. Estas estrategias se integraron simultáneamente con sistemas de energía renovable en el algoritmo, que determina el mix energético óptimo para garantizar la sostenibilidad del edificio. Los resultados demuestran que el algoritmo converge eficientemente hacia el óptimo global en todos los escenarios, con un rendimiento 351 veces superior a los métodos basados en evolución biológica y una notable robustez frente a cambios en las variables de entrada. Este estudio propone una metodología integral para diseñar edificios de consumo casi nulo (nZEB) y establece bases para políticas públicas que impulsen la sostenibilidad energética en Ecuador.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10396/33111
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