La gallina "criolla" de Cuba. 1. Incubación y etapa inicial

Abstract

In order to obtain a characterization of the half-breed hen "Criolla" 213 eggs from poultry cooperative producers and eggs farmer producers were used; it was determinated weight, length, width, shape and indexes of the eggs. Non-fertilized eggs, broken eggs and embryos suffering any problem were also utilized. After hatching, chicks were weighed and disposed in two small floors both with pasture and were fed with a 20% CP and 11,61 MJ(ME)/kg until they were 57 days old. Body weight, consumption and mortality were also controlled. Some growth curve parameters were calculated and average and dispersion values to eggs and body weight were determinated. Weight, length, width and indexes or the eggs were 50,2g; 53,8mm; 40,9mm and 76.2% respectively. Fertility and hatchability were 93,8 and 75,3% respectively on body weight of 32,2g of newly born chicks; body weight, feed conversion and viability of 57 days old chicks were 361g; 4,13kg feed/kg body weight gain and 89% respectively. The maximum daily gain was calculated on 78 days with a body weight and daily gain of 582g and 1 0.4g/d respectively; final body weight was calculated in 1582g.

Para caracterizar la gallina mestiza Criolla fueron acopiados 213 huevos de fincas campesinas y Cooperativas, determinándose a un parte de ellos su peso, longitud, ancho e índice de forma, los no fecundados, rotos y embriones con problemas. Los pollitos nacidos fueros pesados y distribuidos en dos naves con pastoreo, recibiendo piensos con un 20% PB y 11,61 MJ(EM)/kg hasta los 57 días. Se controló el peso vivo, consumo y mortalidad. Se calcularon los parámetros de las curvas de crecimiento, determinándose los valores promedio y de dispersión para los indicadores de los huevos y el peso vivo. EL peso, longitud, anchura e índice de forma de los huevos fue de 50,2g; 53,8mm; 40,9mm y 76,2% respectivamente. La fertilidad e incubabilidad fueron de 93,8 y 75, 3% respectivamente. El punto de máxima ganancia diaria calculado se alcanza a los 78 días, con un peso vivo y ganancia diario de 582g y 10,4g/d respectivamente a esa edad; el peso vivo final calculado es de 1582g.