Drivers of the release of the allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 from birch and grass pollen
Autor
Maya-Manzano, José María
Oteros, José
Rojo, Jesús
Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia
Schmidt-Weber, Carsten
Buters, Jeroen
Editor
ElsevierFecha
2022Materia
AllergensAllergenicity drivers
Pollen allergen potency
Bet v 1
Phl p 5
Pollutants
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The drivers affecting the Pollen Allergen Potency (PAP, amount of allergen released per pollen) are sparsely
known. Betula and Poaceae airborne pollen are the two main allergenic pollen in the World. Airborne pollen and
their allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 were simultaneously measured from 2010 to 2015 in Davos (Switzerland) and
Munich (Germany) by using volumetric traps and ChemVol cascade impactors. Daily variations in PAP were
analysed in PM>10 and PM2.5-10 air fractions and generalized additive models were created to explain which
factors determine PAP, including meteorological parameters and inorganic pollutants.
87.1 ± 13.9% of Bet v 1 and 88.8 ± 15.5% of Phl p 5 was detected in the fraction PM>10 where most pollen
grains were collected. Significantly higher PAP for grasses (3.5 ± 1.9 pg Phl p 5/pollen grain) were observed in
Munich than in Davos (2.4 ± 1.5 pg/pollen grain, p < 0.001), but not for Betula (2.5 ± 1.6 pg Bet v 1/pollen
grain in Munich and 2.3 ± 1.7 in Davos, N.S.). PAP varied between days, years and location, and increased along
the pollen season for Poaceae, but remaining constant for Betula. Free allergens (allergens observed in the
fraction with limited pollen, PM2.5- 10) were recorded mostly at the beginning or at the end of the pollen season,
being linked to higher humidity and rainy days. Also, PAP was higher when the airborne pollen concentrations
increased rapidly after one day of low/moderate levels. Our findings show that pollen exposure explains allergen
exposure only to a limited extend, and that day in the season, geographic location and some weather conditions
need to be considered also to explain symptoms of allergic individuals.
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